OT security refers to the protection of physical devices, systems, and networks used in industrial operations (like manufacturing, energy, and utilities) that monitor and control physical processes. OT security ensures the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of industrial control systems (ICS), SCADA systems, and other critical infrastructure.

Network security for OT systems involves the protection of the communication networks that connect industrial devices and systems. This includes ensuring secure data flow, preventing unauthorized access, and safeguarding industrial protocols like Modbus or DNP3.

Endpoint security involves securing devices (computers, mobile devices, IoT devices, and others) that connect to a network. For OT systems, this means protecting industrial endpoints, such as control systems, workstations, and sensors, from malware, unauthorized access, and cyber threats.

Incident detection and response involve monitoring networks and systems for signs of security incidents (such as breaches, attacks, or system anomalies) and responding to mitigate damage. For OT, this means identifying attacks targeting industrial systems or production environments and reacting quickly to contain and recover from the breach.

Physical security involves protecting the physical infrastructure and assets of OT systems, such as control rooms, industrial equipment, and server rooms. This includes preventing unauthorized physical access to sensitive equipment and protecting against sabotage or theft.

Access management is the process of controlling who can access OT systems, applications, and data. It involves defining, monitoring, and enforcing user permissions and access policies, often using technologies like role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Data security and integrity ensure that OT data is protected from unauthorized access, alteration, or loss. This includes encrypting data, monitoring data flows, and ensuring data integrity within OT systems to prevent tampering or corruption.

Vulnerability management involves identifying, evaluating, and mitigating vulnerabilities within OT systems, networks, and devices. It includes regular security assessments, patch management, and remediation of discovered vulnerabilities.

This involves securing third-party relationships and ensuring that external vendors, contractors, or partners do not introduce risks into OT systems. It includes assessing the security posture of third-party vendors and ensuring that their products or services do not compromise OT security..

ICS security refers to the protection of control systems that manage industrial operations, including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). This type of security ensures that ICS remain operational and protected from cyber threats.

Compliance and governance refer to adhering to regulations and standards for OT security, such as NIST, ISA/IEC 62443, and GDPR. These standards help organizations implement best practices for securing OT systems and ensure that they meet legal and regulatory requirements.

APT detection involves identifying sophisticated, long-term cyber threats designed to infiltrate OT networks and stay undetected. These attacks often target high-value assets, with the goal of stealing data, disrupting operations, or compromising systems over extended periods.

Security awareness and training involve educating employees and personnel on OT security best practices, threat identification, and response protocols. Training ensures that everyone involved in OT operations understands how to recognize and prevent cyber threats.